Ma hope o Iulai 1, 2006, mālama ka European Union i ke kuleana e hana i ka nānā ʻana i nā huahana uila a me nā huahana uila i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke.Ke ʻike ʻia kahi huahana ʻaʻole kūlike me nā koi o ka RoHs Directive, ua kuleana ka European Union e hana i nā hana hoʻopaʻi e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kūʻai aku, nā sila, a me nā uku..
Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi ahulau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lawe ʻana aku o koʻu ʻāina i nā mea hana hale.Wahi a nā helu helu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka General Administration of Customs, i ka makahiki 2021, ua hōʻea ka lawe ʻana aku o Kina i nā mea hana hale i ka US $ 98.72 biliona, i hoʻonui ʻia i ka makahiki he 22.3%.Ua lilo nō hoʻi nā mea hana hale i ka hā o ka mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 biliona kālā ʻAmelika ma hope o ka relay integrated circuits, mobile phones, and computers (inclus notebooks) products of electromechanical products (statistics from the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products), ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā huahana lako hale o koʻu ʻāina he 118.45 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i 2021).
ʻO Kina kekahi o nā mea hana nui o nā mea hana hale.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea hana hale i ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 mau ʻāina (a i ʻole ʻāpana) ma nā ʻāina ʻeono o ka honua.ʻO ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau nā mākeke kuʻuna koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā lako hale o koʻu ʻāina.Ma hope o Iulai 1, 2006, mālama ka European Union i ke kuleana e hana i ka nānā ʻana i nā huahana uila a me nā huahana uila i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke.Ke ʻike ʻia kahi huahana ʻaʻole kūlike me nā koi o ka RoHs Directive, ua kuleana ka European Union e hana i nā hana hoʻopaʻi e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kūʻai aku, nā sila, a me nā uku.No laila, inā ʻoe e hana, lawe mai a hāʻawi i nā waiwai i uhi ʻia e kēia Directive, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻike o nā mea pōʻino i loko o ka huahana ma mua o nā pae i ʻae ʻia.
1. He aha ka RoHS Directive?I mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā kānāwai o nā lālā lālā e pili ana i ka palena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pōʻino i nā mea uila a me nā lako uila, e hoʻohālikelike i nā mea a me nā kaʻina hana o nā huahana uila a me nā uila, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono i ke olakino kanaka a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni. Ua hoʻokō nā lako uila a me nā lako uila me nā koi o ke kaiapuni no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ua hoʻopuka ka European Union i kahi kuhikuhi i ka palena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau mea pōʻino i nā lako uila a me nā uila (2002/95/EC) ma Ianuali 23, 2003, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono ke kuhikuhi RoHS mai Iulai 1, 2006 Mai ia manawa, pono nā lako uila a me nā mea uila i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke EU e pāpā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala kaumaha e like me ke kēpau, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, a me nā mea pale ahi e like me ka polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE). ) a me ka biphenyl polybrominated (PBB).Ua pani ʻia ma 2011 e kahi Directive hou (2011/65/EU).Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke kuhikuhi hou ma Ianuali 3, 2013, a ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kuhikuhi kumu i ka manawa like.Wahi a nā ʻōlelo o ke kuhikuhi hou, mai ka lā i hoʻopau ʻia ai ke kuhikuhi kumu, pono nā huahana āpau ma lalo o ka māka CE e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (LVD), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), nā huahana pili i ka ikehu (ErP) a me ke kuhikuhi RoHS hou i ka manawa like.No ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke EU, pono nā hui e hoʻopuka ana i nā lako uila a me nā lako uila i kahi ʻāina ma EU e pono e hoʻokō i nā kānāwai kikoʻī o ka ʻāina e lawe aku ana.
2. He aha ka mea nui o ke kuhikuhi RoHS hou?Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kuhikuhi RoHS kumu, ʻike ʻia ka ʻike i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia o ka RoHS hou i nā ʻano ʻehā: ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o nā huahana i hoʻomalu ʻia.Ma muli o nā ʻāpana ʻewalu o nā mea uila a me nā mea uila i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka kuhikuhi RoHS kumu, ua hoʻonui ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā mea lapaʻau a me nā lako nānā.No nā mea uila a me nā lako uila, ʻokoʻa nā manawa hoʻokō i kuhikuhi ʻia no nā ʻano huahana like ʻole.ʻO ka lua, e hoʻolauna i kahi loiloi a me nā mea hoʻohui no ka papa inoa o nā mea i kaupalena ʻia, nānā mau a hoʻoponopono i nā mea pōʻino a me ko lākou mau palena, a hoʻonui i nā mea i kaupalena ʻia ma ke ʻano ʻoi aku ka ikaika.Ke koho ʻana i nā mea i kaupalena ʻia, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka hoʻohui ʻana me nā lula ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i loko o Annex XIV (SVHC Authorization List) a me Annex XVI (Restricted Substances List) o REACH Regulation, ma ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o nā mea i kaupalena ʻia no ka loiloi e hiki mai ana. .Hāʻawi i ka manawa a me ke kuhikuhi no nā ʻoihana e koho i nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO ke kolu, e wehewehe i ka hana hoʻokuʻu, hāʻawi i nā manawa kūpono hoʻokuʻu ʻokoʻa no nā ʻano huahana like ʻole e paipai i nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala i nā koho kūpono, a hoʻoponopono a hōʻano hou i ka manawa kūpono hoʻokuʻu e like me ke kūlana maoli.ʻO ka ʻehā, pili i ka māka CE, e like me nā koi o ke kuhikuhi RoHS hou, pono e hoʻokō nā mea uila a me nā lako uila i nā koi palena o nā mea i kaupalena ʻia, akā e hoʻopili pū i ka māka CE ma mua o ka kau ʻana ma ka mākeke.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka mea kahiko a me ke kuhikuhi RoHS hou
3. He aha ka laulā o nā huahana i mālama ʻia e ke kuhikuhi RoHS?
1. ʻO nā mea hana hale nui: nā pahu hau, nā mīkini holoi, nā umu microwave, nā ea, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka RoHS hou o nā huahana hou "gas grill", "gas umu" a me "gas heater".
2. Nā mea hana hale liʻiliʻi: nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā hao uila, nā lauoho maloʻo, nā umu, nā wati, a pēlā aku.
3. ʻenehana ʻike a me nā lako kamaʻilio: kamepiula, mīkini fax, kelepona, kelepona paʻa, etc.
4. Mea hoʻohana: nā lekiō, nā kīwī, nā mea hoʻopaʻa leo wikiō, nā mea kani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka ʻano huahana hou o RoHS hou "nā lako me nā hana uila", e like me "ka hāpai ʻana i nā moena hoʻomaha" a me "nā noho hoʻomaha hoʻokiʻekiʻe".
5. Nā lako kukui: ʻO nā kukui fluorescent ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā kukui hale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā mea hoʻomalu kukui
6. ʻO nā mea uila a me nā mea uila (koe wale nā meaʻoihana kūʻokoʻa nui): nā wili uila, nā lathe, ka wiliwili, nā sprayers, etc.
7. Nā mea pāʻani, nā leʻaleʻa a me nā mea haʻuki: nā kaʻa uila, nā mīkini pāʻani wikiō, nā mīkini piliwaiwai ʻakomi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka ʻano huahana hou RoHS hou "nā mea pāʻani me nā hana uila liʻiliʻi", e like me ka "kamaʻilio teddy bears" a me ka "kamaʻilio teddy bears. “Nā Kamaa ʻōlinolino”.
8. Lapaʻau lapaʻau: radiation therapy apparatus, electrocardiogram tester, analytical instrument, etc.
9. Ka nānā 'ana a me ka mālama 'ana i nā mea hana: nā mea 'ike uahi, nā incubators, ka 'oihana nānā 'ana a me nā mīkini ho'omalu, etc.
10. Nā mīkini kūʻai
11. ʻO nā EEE ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i loko o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana i luna: Ma waho aʻe o ka "hoʻololi mana" a me ka "ʻeke uila", me ka ʻāpana huahana hou RoHS hou "ʻaʻahu me nā hana uila", e like me "ka lole wela" a "'ālohilohi i ka wai" nā lole ola".
ʻO nā huahana i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kuhikuhi RoHS ʻaʻole wale nā huahana mīkini piha, akā nā ʻāpana pū kekahi, nā mea maka a me ka ʻeke i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā mīkini piha, e pili ana i ke kaulahao hana holoʻokoʻa.
4. He aha nā koi no nā mea weliweli a me ko lākou mau palena?ʻO ka Paukū 4 o ka RoHS Directive hou e hōʻoia i nā mokuʻāina e hōʻoia i nā huahana uila a me nā uila i kau ʻia ma ka mākeke, me kā lākou mau kaula a me nā mea pono no ka hoʻoponopono a hoʻohana hou ʻana, a i ʻole e hoʻonui i kā lākou mau hana a hoʻonui i ko lākou hiki, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke alakaʻi (Pb) , mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) a me polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) a me 6 mau mea weliweli.I ka makahiki 2015, ua hoʻopuka ʻia ke kuhikuhi i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia 2015/863/EU, e hoʻonui ana i ke kuhikuhi RoHS hou, hoʻonui i ka DEHP (2-ethylhexyl phthalate), BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate), DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate) ʻEhā mau mea kemika. kapa ʻia nā phthalates, e like me nā phthalates), ua komo i ka papa inoa o nā mea kemika i kaupalena ʻia.Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ke kuhikuhi, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā ʻano o nā mea kemika weliweli i nā mea uila i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kuhikuhi RoHS hou i 10:
1. Lead (Pb) Nā laʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea: solder, aniani, PVC stabilizers 2. Mercury (Hg) (mercury) Nā laʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea: thermostats, sensors, switches and relays, bulbs 3. Cadmium (Cd ) Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea: nā hoʻololi, nā pūnāwai, nā mea hoʻohui, nā hale a me nā PCB, nā mea hoʻopili, nā pihi 4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+) Nā laʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea: ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe metala anti-corrosion Nā Laʻana o kēia mea: nā mea pale ahi, Nā PCB, nā mea hoʻohui, nā hale plastik 6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Nā laʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea: nā mea pale ahi, nā PCB, nā mea hoʻohui, nā hale plastik ethylhexyl ester) 8. BBP (butyl benzyl phthalate) 9. DBP (dibutyl phthalate) 10. DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate)
I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o nā mea ʻino i nā mea like ʻole: ke alakaʻi ʻaʻole ma mua o 0.1%, mercury ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0.1%, cadmium ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0.01%, hexavalent chromium ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0.1%, polybrominated biphenyls ʻaʻole ma mua o 0.1%, polybrominated diphenyl. ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 0.1%.ʻEhā mau kemika hou i kapa ʻia ʻo phthalates i hoʻohui ʻia me ka palena o 0.1% kēlā me kēia.
5. He aha ke kaʻina noi hōʻoia?
■ KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1. E hoʻopiha i ka palapala noi hōʻoia RoHS, hiki ke hōʻiliʻiliʻia mai ke kikowaena hōʻoia RoHS, aiʻole e kiʻiʻia mai ka pūnaewele hōʻoia hōʻoia RoHS, a hoʻihoʻiʻia ma hope o ka hoʻopihaʻana.■ KaʻAnuʻu 2. Hua'ōlelo: Ma hope o ka waiho 'ana i ka palapala noi, ka mea kūʻai mai e hoouna aku i ka hāpana (ai ole express delivery) i ka hōʻoia'āpana, a me ka hōʻoia 'ana puʻunaue i ka hāpana kūpono e like me nā koi, a hoʻihoʻi i ka huahana mahele nui a me ka ho'āʻo uku i ka mea kūʻai.■ Ka Papa 3. Ma hope o ka loaʻaʻana o ka uku, e hoʻonohonohoʻia ka ho'āʻo.ʻO ka maʻamau, e hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻāʻo i loko o hoʻokahi pule.■ 'anu'u 4. E hoolaha i ka hoike, hiki ke hoopuka ia e ka elele, fax, e-mail a i ole ke kanaka nana.
6. Pehea ka nui o ka palapala hōʻoia RoHS?Pono ke kumukūʻai hōʻike RoHS pololei i ka hui e hāʻawi i nā kiʻi huahana a me ka bila o nā mea waiwai, ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka huahana.ʻOkoʻa ka palapala hōʻoia RoHS mai CCC, UL a me nā palapala hōʻoia ʻē aʻe.Ke alakaʻi wale nei ia i nā hoʻokolohua loiloi kemika no nā laʻana, no laila ʻaʻohe nānā ʻana o ka hale hana.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia nā huahana a ʻaʻole i hōʻano hou ʻia nā kūlana hoʻāʻo, ʻaʻohe kumu uku hahai.
7. Pehea ka lōʻihi e hana ai i ka hōʻoia ROHS?I kēia manawa, hōʻoia ka hōʻoia ʻo RoHS i 6 mau mea o ke alakaʻi, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB a me PBDE.Pili nā huahana maʻamau no ka hōʻoia ROHS.Ma ka manaʻo e hāʻawi nā mea kūʻai aku i nā laʻana a me nā mea waiwai, ʻo ka manawa hoʻāʻo ʻo RoHS no nā huahana maʻamau ma kahi o 7 mau lā.
8. Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka palapala hōʻoia ROHS?ʻAʻohe manawa kūpono no ka hōʻoia ROHS.Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ke kūlana hoʻāʻo o ka hōʻoia ROHS, hiki i ka palapala hōʻoia ROHS kumu ke kūpono no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-09-2022