Ma ke ʻano he kālepa haole i hana i ka ʻoihana no nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Liu Xiangyang i nā huahana mai nā kāʻei ʻoihana ʻoi aku ma mua o 10, e like me ka lole ma Zhengzhou, ka mākaʻikaʻi moʻomeheu ma Kaifeng, a me ka porcelain Ru ma Ruzhou, i nā mākeke ma waho.He mau haneli miliona, akā he maʻi maʻi i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2020 ua hoʻopau koke i ka ʻoihana kālepa haole.
ʻO nā pilikia o ka ʻoihana a me ka emi ʻana o ka hana o ka ʻoihana i kekahi manawa ua huikau a huikau ʻo Liu Xiangyang, akā i kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻo ia a me kāna hui i kahi ala hou, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻoponopono i kekahi mau "ʻeha ʻeha" ma ke kālepa haole ma o ka " hale hana kikohoʻe”.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo Liu Xiangyang wale nō ke hoʻololi nei i nā poʻe kālepa haole.ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe i mua o ke kālepa haole no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka Upper Delta a me Pearl River Delta e wikiwiki nei i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi.
Paʻakikī
ʻO Shiling Town ma Huadu District, ua kaulana ʻo Guangzhou ʻo "Leather Capital".He 8,000 a 9,000 paha mau mea hana ili ma ke kaona, a he oihana kalepa no ka nui o lakou.Eia naʻe, ua alakaʻi ʻia kahi maʻi lei aliʻi hou i Ua hoʻopau ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻili kālepa haole kūloko, ua hāʻule nui nā kauoha kālepa o nā ʻāina ʻē, a ua lilo ka waihona o ka wā i hala i mea kaumaha ma ka hale waihona.He 1,500 mau limahana kekahi o nā ʻoihana, akā ma muli o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kauoha, pono lākou e waiho i 200 mau kānaka.
Ua hana ʻia kekahi ʻano like ma Wenzhou, Zhejiang.Ua loaʻa pū kekahi mau kālepa haole kūloko a me nā hui kāmaʻa OEM i nā pilikia e like me ka pani ʻana a me ka panakalupa ma muli o ka hopena o ka honua honua a me ke ahulau.
Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi i ka ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Xiangyang ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai logistic, "mai ka 3,000 US kālā no kēlā me kēia pahu, ua piʻi aʻe ma mua o 20,000 US kālā."ʻO ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho, a ua hoʻomau nā mea kūʻai aku kahiko i ka nalowale, ka mea i alakaʻi i ka emi mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana kālepa haole.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Shu Jueting, ka ʻōlelo a ke Kuhina Kālepa, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kekahi mau ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe e ka maʻi ahulau a ke alo nei i nā pilikia e like me ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana a me ka hana a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka logistic a me ka halihali.I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā pilikia e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai maka, ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā palena palena ʻilihune, a me nā kaulahao bottlenecks, a ʻo nā ʻoihana kālepa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi, ke alo nei i ke kaomi ʻoihana.
Ua kākau pū ʻo Xia Chun lāua ʻo Luo Weihan, nā mea hoʻokele waiwai nui o Yinke Holdings, i kahi ʻatikala ma Yicai.com, e kuhikuhi ana ma lalo o ka hopena o ka maʻi ahulau, ʻo ke kaulahao ʻoihana honua a me nā kaulahao lako i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia a kūkulu ʻia e nā kānaka no nā makahiki he mau makahiki. palupalu loa.ʻO nā ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi e kālele ana i nā ʻoihana waena a hiki i ka haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, a ʻo nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi e lawe mai i kahi pōʻino iā lākou.I ka pōʻaiapili o ke kūlana kūloko a me ke ao holoʻokoʻa, mamao loa ka pōmaikaʻi o nā ʻoihana kālepa haole.
No laila, i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka ʻikepili lawe mai a me ka lawe ʻana aku o Kina no ka hapa mua o 2022 ma Iulai 13, ua ʻike ʻo Liu Xiangyang ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o ka waiwai o ka lawe ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana aku o Kina i nā waiwai i ka hapa mua o 2022 he 19.8 trillion yuan, hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki he 9.4%, akā ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻia e hāʻawi ʻia e ka ikehu a me nā waiwai nui.ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ma ka ʻoihana kālepa haole o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ke ola hou nei kekahi mau ʻoihana, aia nō ka nui o nā ʻoihana kalepa liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi e hakakā nei i ka pilikia.
Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hou loa mai ka General Administration of Customs mai Ianuali a Iune i kēia makahiki, ua hāʻule nā kauoha kālepa haole ma nā ʻoihana mea kūʻai aku me nā mea pono hale a me nā kelepona paʻa.Ma waena o lākou, ua hāʻule nā mea hana hale e 7.7% makahiki-ma-makahiki, a hāʻule nā kelepona paʻa i ka 10.9% makahiki-ma-makahiki.
Ma ka mākeke liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma Yiwu, Zhejiang, ka mea e hoʻopuka nui nei i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ua hōʻike pū kekahi mau ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano kānalua like ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi mau i kumu i ka nalowale o nā kauoha nui, a ua hoʻolālā kekahi mau hui e pani.
Nā wahi ʻeha
"ʻO nā huahana Kina, i ka maka o ka poʻe ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, makemake nui ʻia i ka 'kūʻai-pono'."Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Jiangong (pseudonym), ka hoa pili o Liu Xiangyang, ma muli o ka hopena, e hoʻohālikelike nā mea kālepa haole e kūʻai ana i nā huahana ma Kina i nā kumukūʻai ma nā wahi āpau.E ʻike i ka mea nona ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa.Hoʻopuka ʻoe i 30, ʻōlelo ʻo ia i 20, a i ʻole 15. I ka pau ʻana o ke kumukūʻai, ke helu ka haole ʻoihana, ʻaʻole lawa ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea maka, pehea lā e hana ʻia ai?ʻAʻole wale lākou makemake i ka "kumu kūʻai", akā hopohopo pū kekahi i ka shoddy.I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻopunipuni, e hoʻouna lākou i nā kānaka a i ʻole e hāʻawi i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻekolu e "squat" i loko o ka hale hana..
He mea paʻakikī kēia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hilinaʻi ma waena o nā ʻoihana haole a me nā hale hana kūloko.Ke hopohopo nei ka poʻe ʻoihana haole i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.ʻO kekahi mau hale hana hale, i mea e loaʻa ai nā kauoha, e "hoʻopaʻa a ʻaʻahu".E kau i loko o kahi hale hana i ʻoi aku ka nui.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Xiangyang, i ka wā e nīnau ai nā "haole" e pili ana i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā waiwai, e nīnau lākou e pili ana i nā hale hana āpau a lākou e ʻike ai a kūʻai aku a puni.Ua lilo ia i kālā maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻokuke ana i ke kālā maikaʻi, a ʻo ka poʻe ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ke manaʻo nei he "haʻahaʻa ʻole".Ua haʻahaʻa loa ke kumukūʻai, a inā loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā, hiki ke hana wale ʻia inā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hoʻokolohua e kū nei.Hoemiia.
ʻO ka hopena, ua noʻonoʻo kekahi poʻe ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i ka "squatting factory", akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kiaʻi i nā hola 24 i ka lā, a i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pololei i ka helu hapa o nā huahana.
"ʻO ka mea a mākou (ʻoihana ʻoihana) i hana ai i ka wā ma mua, ʻo ia ka ʻoki ʻana i ka huahana a i ʻole ke kamaʻilio pololei ʻana me ka mea kūʻai aku, e hōʻemi i ka uku hoʻemi, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka uku," wahi a Liu Jiangong.Aia kekahi mau hale hana huna wale.Inā he haʻahaʻa, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e haʻi iā ia (ʻoihana haole) hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana me ka pilikia ʻole, a laila e pakele mākou (ʻoihana ʻoihana) i ka pōʻino."ʻO kēia ke ʻano hana maʻamau i ka hana kuʻuna."
ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻoi aku ka makaʻu o ka poʻe kālepa haole e hilinaʻi i nā hale hana.
Ua ʻike ʻo Liu Xiangyang ma hope o kēlā ʻano pōʻai ʻino, pehea e loaʻa ai ka hilinaʻi a hilinaʻi ʻia ua lilo ia i mea keakea nui loa i ka ʻoihana kālepa haole.ʻO ka nānā ʻana ma ka pūnaewele a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hale hana ua aneane lilo i mea hiki ʻole ke kūʻai aku i nā ʻoihana haole ma Kina.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka maʻi ahulau i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2020 ua hana i kēia ʻano pili ʻoihana e ʻike nei i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokō.
Ua ʻike koke ʻo Liu Xiangyang, ʻo ia ka mea nui i ke kālepa ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻo ka ʻino i hana ʻia e ka pepeke i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi i hoʻopōʻino iā ia iho - ua hoʻouna ʻia kahi kauoha me ka huina o 200 miliona mau kālā US;Ua kāpae ʻia nā hoʻolālā kūʻai ma muli o ke ahulau.
"Inā hiki ke hoʻopau hope ʻia ke kauoha i kēlā manawa, ʻoiaʻiʻo e loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā o nā ʻumi miliona o yuan."Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Xiangyang, no kēia kauoha, ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia me ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hapalua makahiki, a ua lele pinepine ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe i Kina., Hele pū ʻia me Liu Xiangyang a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hele lākou i ka hale hana e nānā i ka hale hana i nā manawa he nui.ʻO ka hope, ua kau inoa nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i kahi kuʻikahi ma ka hopena o 2019.
Ua hoʻopuka koke ʻia ke kauoha mua no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute, me ka nui o nā haneli kaukani kālā.A laila, e like me ka hoʻolālā, e hoʻouna ka ʻāina i ka poʻe e squat i loko o ka hale hana e hoʻokō i ka hana o nā kauoha ma hope.E noʻonoʻo, ua hiki mai ke ahulau.
Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā mea maka me kou mau maka ponoʻī, a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hana ʻana o ke kauoha me kou mau maka ponoʻī, ʻaʻole makemake ka ʻaoʻao e kūʻai.Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2020 a i Iulai 2022, ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ke kauoha.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki iā Liu Xiangyang ke hōʻoia inā e hoʻomau ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe i ke kauoha o kahi kokoke i 200 miliona US.
"He mea maikaʻi inā loaʻa kahi hale hana kahi e noho ai nā ʻoihana haole ma ke keʻena a 'squat i kahi hale hana' ma ka pūnaewele."Noʻonoʻo ʻo Liu Xiangyang, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e nīnau a puni, me ka makemake e hoʻopau i ka pilikia o kēia manawa o ke kālepa kuʻuna haole.ʻO kāna mea i manaʻo ai pehea e loaʻa hou ai ka hilinaʻi o nā ʻoihana haole, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kālepa kuʻuna o nā ʻāina ʻē, a hoʻololi i nā hale hana kuʻuna i "nā hale hana kikohoʻe".
No laila, ua hui pū ʻo Liu Xiangyang lāua ʻo Liu Jiangong, ka mea e aʻo ana i nā hale hana kikohoʻe no 10 mau makahiki, a hoʻokumu pū i ka Yellow River Cloud Cable Smart Technology Co., Ltd. (i kapa ʻia ʻo "Yellow River Cloud Cable"), a hoʻohana ʻia ʻo kēia ka "mea huna" e ʻimi ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kālepa uila uila haole.lima”.
Hoʻololi
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Xiangyang, ma ke kālepa kuʻuna haole, ʻelua mau ala e loaʻa ai nā mea kūʻai aku, ma ka pūnaewele, ma o nā paepae e like me Ali International, offline, ma o nā mea hoʻolaha haole, akā no nā ʻoihana kauoha, hiki i nā ala ʻelua ke hōʻike i nā huahana ma ka pūnaewele.ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili hale hana manawa maoli i nā mea kūʻai.
Eia naʻe, no ka Yellow River Cloud Cable, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke wehe wale i ka hale hana digitized i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka manawa maoli, akā hōʻike pū i ka ʻikepili manawa maoli o ka ʻoi aku o 100 nodes i ke kaʻina hana kelepona, he aha nā kikoʻī, nā mea a me nā mea maka. hoʻohana ʻia, a i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mea hana.ʻO ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana, pehea ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke kauoha, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka manawa maoli ma o ke kāʻei kamepiula.
"I ka wā ma mua, pono nā poʻe kālepa haole e hele i ka hale hana e ʻike i ka ʻikepili.I kēia manawa, ke hoʻā lākou i ka kamepiula, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka ʻikepili manawa maoli o kēlā me kēia o kā mākou mea hana.Ua hoʻohana ʻo Liu Jiangong i kahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike e ʻōlelo ai i kēia manawa, ʻike nā mea kūʻai aku ʻO ke kaʻina hana o kahi huahana e like me ke ola o ke kanaka.Mai ka hānau ʻana o ke keiki a hiki i ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka nānā ʻana: e hoʻomaka ana mai kahi puʻu keleawe, ke kumu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēia puʻu, a laila i nā kiko kūpono ma hope o kēlā me kēia node.ʻO kaʻikepili hana, nā palena, a me nā wikiō a me nā kiʻi maoli, hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke nānā i ka manawa maoli ma o ke kāʻei kamepiula."ʻOiai inā he huahana substandard, hiki ke unuhi ʻia i hope, ʻo ia ka loulou i kumu ai, ʻo ia ka mahana o nā mea hana, a i ʻole ka hana hewa ʻole o nā limahana, a i ʻole nā mea waiwai pono ʻole."
Hoʻopili kekahi ʻaoʻao i nā hale hana akamai, a ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao e hoʻomohala i ke kālepa digital.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Liu Xiangyang, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou kahua hou ma mua o 10 mau hale hana ponoʻī a me OEM, kahi ʻōnaehana nānā a me ka nānā ʻana, kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi piha, a me kahi ʻōnaehana traceability IoT.No laila, ʻoiai ʻo ia wale nō ma ka pūnaewele ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina, ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ka manaʻo ma waena o nā ʻoihana haole.Ua hōʻike pū kekahi o nā mea kūʻai aku kahiko i hui pū i nā makahiki he nui i ko lākou manaʻo e hui pū."I kēia manawa, ua hōʻea ka nui o nā nīnau ma mua o 100 miliona US."Ua haʻi ʻo Liu Xiangyang iā Yicai.com.
Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻae ʻo Liu Jiangong i kā lākou ʻoihana pūnaewele ʻoihana e pili ana i nā hale hana kikohoʻe he ʻano "kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa", "Ua hele pilikino mai kekahi mau hoa hana iaʻu a ʻōlelo mai ua wehe ʻoe i ka 'palu' o kāu hale hana, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā ʻoe. 'Mai pāʻani hoʻopunipuni inā makemake ʻoe, "'ōlelo aʻe ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe iā Liu Jiangong me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, maopopo loa kāu ʻikepili, e makaʻala i ka wā e hele mai ai ka ʻoihana ʻauhau iā ʻoe.
Akā ua paʻa mau ʻo Liu Xiangyang, "ʻO ka digitalization o nā hale hana he ʻano hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.Ma ka apo wale ʻana i ke ʻano hiki ke ola.E nānā, ʻaʻole anei mākou i ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka lā i kēia manawa.
A ua hoʻomaka kekahi o kā lākou mau hoa kalepa ʻē aʻe e hoʻomohala i ka e-commerce ma waena o nā palena i mea e hoʻopau ai i ka pilikia.
ʻO kahi hui kāmaʻa ma Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province me ka moʻolelo o ke kālepa haole o nā kāmaʻa branded no nā makahiki he 20, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kona mau hoa i loko o kahi pilikia o ka pani ʻana a me ka panakalupa, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻike i mea e ola ai, ʻaʻole pono wale nō. hilinaʻi i nā waiwai liʻiliʻi o ke kālepa haole, akā pono e hoʻonui i nā ala kūʻai kūʻai kūloko, e paʻa i nā ala kūʻai a me nā huahana i ko lākou mau lima ponoʻī.
“Me he mea lā nui a paʻa ka ʻoihana kālepa haole, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he lahilahi loa ka loaʻa kālā.Malia paha e nalowale kekahi mau makahiki o ka mālama kālā. "Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mr. Zhang, ka mea nāna i mālama i ka hui, no kēia kumu, aia lākou ma Alibaba, Douyin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
"Ua hāʻawi mai ka hoʻololi digital iaʻu i ka manaʻolana hou no ka ulu ʻana."Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka wā ma mua, i ka wā e hana ana i nā kālepa ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa i hoʻokahi kauoha he mau miliona mau kāmaʻa, akā haʻahaʻa loa ka loaʻa kālā a ua lōʻihi loa ka manawa helu.I kēia manawa, ma ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā "kauoha liʻiliʻi" Ua hoʻomaka keʻano hana o ka "hoʻohuli wikiwiki" mai ke kauoha o nā haneli haneli mau kāmaʻa, a i kēia manawa hiki ke weheʻia kahi laina o 2,000 mau kāmaʻa.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano hana, ʻaʻole ia e pale wale i ka hopena o ka backlog inventory, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā ma mua o ka wā ma mua..
"Ua hana mākou i nā kālepa haole ma mua o 20 mau makahiki.Ma hope o ke ahulau, hoʻomaka mākou e ʻimi i ka mākeke kūloko. "Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ms. Xie, ka mea nāna i mālama i kahi hui ma Guangdong Province i loea i nā huahana hoʻomoana o waho, ʻoiai ua hoʻopilikia ka maʻi maʻi i ka ʻoihana kālepa haole o ka ʻoihana, i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ka hui i nā kūʻai kūloko, E holo wale ana i ka makani hikina o hoʻomoana, i kēia manawa, ua aneane pālua ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia mahina o ka ʻoihana ponoʻī o ka hui i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-18-2022